If you have ever seen old photos of German officers aristocrats or university students from the 19th and early 20th centuries you might notice something striking: scars on their faces. These were no ordinary injuries they were badges of honor worn proudly by men who participated in Mensur a type of academic fencing popular in Germany and Austria.

So, what was Mensur, and why were these scars so highly valued?

Mensur was a form of ritualized dueling that took place mostly among university students, particularly those belonging to exclusive fraternities known as corps or corporations. Unlike modern fencing, the goal wasn’t to score points or defeat an opponent it was about showing courage. Participants were not allowed to dodge blows or retreat. Instead, they stood their ground as slashing swords, called Schläger, flew toward their heads. The match ended when blood was drawn, but there was not always a clear “winner” or “loser.” The main point was to display bravery and an ability to endure.

The scars left by these duels were called Schmiss in German. They were highly prized, even considered by some to be a mark of good husband material! Otto von Bismarck, the famous statesman, believed that a man’s courage could be judged by the number of scars on his face.

Mensur has deep roots in German history. By the 16th century, students were allowed to carry swords for protection, leading to many spontaneous duels. Over time, this evolved into a more regulated sport, especially by the 19th and 20th centuries, when it became a way for military officers and aristocrats to prove their mettle during peacetime.

Interestingly, Mensur was banned by the Nazi regime in the 1930s, not because of the duels themselves, but because Adolf Hitler despised the aristocratic student fraternities that practiced them. The sport went underground for a time and was even banned by the Allies after World War II due to its association with the military. But it made a comeback in the 1950s, albeit with much stricter safety measures.

Today, Mensur is still practiced, though the risk of scarring has been greatly reduced thanks to modern protective equipment. But for those who sported a Schmiss in the past, it was more than just a scar—it was a symbol of courage, honor, and belonging.

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